NASA의 아트레미스 II 보고서: 달의 색은 노란색과 흰색이 아니라 ‘토끼색

Astronauts on NASA’s Artemis II mission saw a much more colorful landscape during their close flyby of the moon than they expected. The “yellowish orange” and “mud green” tones the crew encountered on the moon’s surface were revealed in a new report. The area known as the Aristarchus Plateaus is located on the side of the moon facing Earth. This wide and high terrain is one of the most densely populated areas of the moon’s oldest volcanic features. It contains dark lava deposits and colorful volcanic glass particles. Surprised by the distinct yellow tones she encountered in the area, Mission Specialist Koch described the plateau as “yellow snow mountains.” She described the bright “snow” of the craters as “the moon’s yellowed cheek.” Pilot Glover shared her observations while filming the area: “Now there are so many colors. There’s also green. Especially in Aristarchus and to the north, I see brown stripes running down.” According to the report’s authors, these colorful tones are similar to volcanic glass particles in different regions of the moon; they can be associated with titanium-rich yellow and magnesium-rich green glass beads. These colorations could provide clues for determining landing and exploration sites in future missions. Another colorful area that caught the crew’s attention was a massive impact crater. Measuring about three times the width of Massachusetts, this young and highly segmented crater covers both the visible and invisible sides of the moon. Rarely visible from Earth, the structure completely obscured the area as the crew entered orbit behind the moon. Mission Commander Wiseman said the structure “created chaos throughout the area.” As they passed through the wide basin, the crew spotted gray, brown, tan, and green tones below. Koch saw “almost mud-like colors” on the outer rim of the basin, while Glover described a landscape of white dust-like layers on the slopes and peaks of the mountains. The crater chains moving away from the impact center gave Koch the impression of “bubbles rising from under the water.”

These observations may seem like random statements, but the Artemis II team spent more than two years training to examine and describe the moon’s geology. This training included individual and classroom lectures, simulated flight transitions, and the acquisition of “reference materials of their choice” to read during the journey in the Orion capsule. The report emphasizes that this training allowed the team to acquire much more scientific knowledge than what automated cameras or orbiting vehicles can provide. The report authors added that “the Artemis II mission demonstrated the extraordinary value of human observation and cognition as a scientific entity in planetary exploration.” Unlike cameras, which capture isolated moments and often narrow field of view, human observers continuously interpret their surroundings, combining real-time visual perception with contextual understanding. As the mission team relayed this view to mission control, Glover described it as “a very striking sight.”

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